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Degrees of comparison in German grammar are used to express different levels of an adjective or adverb's quality or intensity. There are three main degrees of comparison:

1. Positive (Positiv): This is the base form of the adjective or adverb, used to describe the quality without comparison. For example:

   • "Das Buch ist interessant." (The book is interesting.)
   • "Er läuft schnell." (He runs fast.)

2. Comparative (Komparativ): This form is used to compare two things or actions by indicating a higher or lower degree of the quality. It is formed by adding "-er" to the base form of the adjective or adverb. For example:

   • "Dieses Buch ist interessanter als jenes." (This book is more interesting than that one.)
   • "Er läuft schneller als sie." (He runs faster than her.)

3. Superlative (Superlativ): This form expresses the highest or lowest degree of the quality, indicating that something or someone has the most or least of that quality. It is formed by adding "-st" or "-est" to the base form of the adjective or adverb, depending on the word's ending. For example:

   • "Das ist das interessanteste Buch, das ich je gelesen habe." (This is the most interesting book I have ever read.)
   • "Er läuft am schnellsten in der Klasse." (He runs the fastest in the class.)

It's important to note that adjective endings in German also change based on the case, number, and gender of the noun they modify. Additionally, some adjectives and adverbs have irregular comparative and superlative forms that need to be memorized.