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German grammar employs a wide range of conjunctions and subordinate clauses to form complex sentences. Here are some key points:
Coordinating Conjunctions
- Commonly used coordinating conjunctions include: und (and), aber (but), oder (or), denn (for/because), sondern (but rather).
- These conjunctions join two independent clauses of equal importance.
Subordinating Conjunctions
- Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses, which cannot stand alone as complete sentences.
- Common subordinating conjunctions: weil (because), dass (that), ob (whether), wenn (if), als (when/than), nachdem (after), bevor (before), obwohl (although), damit (so that), falls (in case).
Word Order in Subordinate Clauses
- In main clauses, the verb is in second position.
- In subordinate clauses, the verb is pushed to the end: "Ich weiß, dass er heute kommt." (I know that he is coming today.)
Relative Clauses
- Relative clauses are introduced by relative pronouns like der, die, das (which/that/who).
- The relative pronoun refers back to a noun in the main clause: "Das ist der Mann, der mir geholfen hat." (That is the man who helped me.)
Separable Verbs
- In subordinate clauses, separable verbs remain together: "Ich weiß, dass er heute anruft." (I know that he will call today.)
Mastering conjunctions and subordinate clauses is crucial for constructing complex and nuanced sentences in German. It allows for the expression of logical relationships and the embedding of additional information within a single sentence.
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