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Dative Case in German Grammar

The dative case in German is used to indicate the indirect object of a sentence or to show the recipient or beneficiary of an action. It is also used with certain prepositions and expressions.

Dative Case for Indirect Objects

When a verb has both a direct and an indirect object, the indirect object takes the dative case. For example:

• Ich gebe meiner Schwester einen Apfel. (I give my sister an apple.)

Dative Case with Prepositions

Certain prepositions in German require the dative case, such as:

• mit (with)
• aus (from)
• bei (at, by)
• nach (to, after)
• von (from)
• zu (to)
• seit (since)

For example:

• Ich wohne bei meinen Eltern. (I live with my parents.)

Dative Case with Expressions

The dative case is also used in certain expressions, such as:

• Es geht mir gut. (I am doing well.)
• Ihm ist kalt. (He is cold.)

Dative Case Endings

The dative case endings for nouns and articles vary based on gender, number, and case. Here are some examples:

• Masculine: dem Vater, dem Bruder
• Feminine: der Mutter, der Schwester
• Neuter: dem Kind, dem Haus
• Plural: den Kindern, den Eltern

Mastering the dative case is crucial for constructing grammatically correct sentences and expressing relationships between objects and recipients in German.