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German Conditional Sentences (Konjunktiv II)

German conditional sentences express hypothetical situations or wishes. They are formed using the Konjunktiv II (subjunctive II) mood. Here are the main types:

Present Conditional (Gegenwärtige Bedingung)

Used to express hypothetical situations in the present. The verb in the conditional clause takes the Konjunktiv II form, while the main clause uses the present tense.

Example: Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich ins Kino gehen. (If I had time, I would go to the cinema.)

Past Conditional (Vergangene Bedingung)

Expresses hypothetical situations in the past. Both clauses use the Konjunktiv II form.

Example: Wenn ich damals mehr gelernt hätte, wäre ich jetzt erfolgreicher gewesen. (If I had studied more back then, I would have been more successful now.)

Conditional for Wishes (Wunschsätze)

Used to express wishes or desires. The main clause uses the Konjunktiv II form of the verb.

Example: Wenn ich doch nur mehr Zeit hätte! (If only I had more time!)

To form the Konjunktiv II, regular verbs take the stem of the simple past and add the following endings: -e, -est, -e, -en, -et, -en. Irregular verbs have specific Konjunktiv II forms that need to be memorized.

Conditional sentences are an important aspect of German grammar and are used frequently in both formal and informal contexts.