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Adverbs in German Grammar
Adverbs in German are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They provide additional information about the action or state described by the verb or adjective.
Formation of Adverbs
Many German adverbs are formed by adding the suffix "-lich" to an adjective:
- schnell (quick) → schnell-lich (quickly)
- sorg-fältig (careful) → sorg-fältig-lich (carefully)
Other common adverbial endings include "-weise" and "-erweise":
- glücklicher-weise (fortunately)
- leider-weise (unfortunately)
Some adverbs have the same form as their corresponding adjectives:
- langsam (slow) → langsam (slowly)
- laut (loud) → laut (loudly)
Placement of Adverbs in Sentences
In German, the placement of adverbs in a sentence follows specific rules:
Time Adverbs: Adverbs indicating time usually come at the beginning of the sentence or after the subject:
- Heute gehe ich zur Schule. (Today, I go to school.)
- Ich gehe heute zur Schule.
Adverbs of Manner: Adverbs describing how an action is performed typically come after the subject and before the verb:
- Ich lese langsam das Buch. (I read the book slowly.)
Adverbs of Place: Adverbs indicating location often come at the end of the sentence:
- Wir wohnen hier. (We live here.)
Adverbs of Degree: Adverbs expressing degree or intensity usually precede the adjective or adverb they modify:
- Das Essen ist sehr lecker. (The food is very delicious.)
- Sie spricht extrem schnell. (She speaks extremely fast.)
It's important to note that adverb placement can vary depending on the emphasis or focus of the sentence. In some cases, adverbs can be placed at the beginning of the sentence for emphasis or to convey a specific meaning.
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