xuduyon mujuz mahovu ciqo velevixu bayuhu xoquqovo

The Perfect Tense (Middle/Passive) in Modern Greek is formed using the auxiliary verb "έχω" (to have) and the passive participle of the main verb. The passive participle is created by adding "-μένος, -μένη, -μένο" to the verb stem.

Usage

This tense is used to express:

1. Completed actions with present relevance
2. States resulting from past actions
3. Experiences that have occurred up to the present moment

Examples

• Το γράμμα έχει γραφτεί. (The letter has been written.)
• Το φαγητό είναι μαγειρεμένο. (The food is cooked.)
• Έχουν κλειστεί όλα τα παράθυρα. (All the windows have been closed.)

Irregularities

Some verbs have irregular passive participles:

• λέω (to say) → ειπωμένος
• τρώω (to eat) → φαγωμένος
• πίνω (to drink) → πιωμένος

Distinction from Active Perfect

Unlike the Active Perfect, which focuses on the subject's action, the Middle/Passive Perfect emphasizes the state or condition resulting from the action.

Agreement

The passive participle agrees in gender, number, and case with the subject of the sentence.