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Modern Greek employs four main types of conditional sentences:

1. Zero Conditional: Expresses general truths or scientific facts
2. First Conditional: Refers to real or possible situations in the present or future
3. Second Conditional: Describes unlikely or hypothetical situations in the present or future
4. Third Conditional: Deals with unreal situations in the past

Structure and Usage

Zero Conditional

• Protasis (if-clause): Present tense
• Apodosis (main clause): Present tense
• Example: "Αν βρέχει, η γη είναι υγρή." (If it rains, the ground is wet.)

First Conditional

• Protasis: Present tense
• Apodosis: Future tense or imperative
• Example: "Αν έρθεις, θα πάμε σινεμά." (If you come, we will go to the cinema.)

Second Conditional

• Protasis: Imperfect tense
• Apodosis: Conditional mood
• Example: "Αν είχα χρήματα, θα αγόραζα ένα αυτοκίνητο." (If I had money, I would buy a car.)

Third Conditional

• Protasis: Pluperfect tense
• Apodosis: Conditional perfect
• Example: "Αν είχα διαβάσει, θα είχα περάσει τις εξετάσεις." (If I had studied, I would have passed the exams.)

Key Particles

• "αν" (if) - most common conditional particle
• "εάν" (if) - formal alternative to "αν"
• "άμα" (if/when) - colloquial, used in informal speech

Mixed Conditionals

Modern Greek allows for mixed conditionals, combining different types:

• Past condition with present result
• Present condition with past result

Negation in Conditionals

Negation is formed by adding "δεν" before the verb in both the protasis and apodosis:

• "Αν δεν βρέξει, δεν θα πάμε εκδρομή." (If it doesn't rain, we won't go on an excursion.)

Subjunctive in Conditionals

The subjunctive mood is sometimes used in conditional sentences, especially with the particle "να":

• "Αν θέλεις να πετύχεις, πρέπει να δουλέψεις σκληρά." (If you want to succeed, you must work hard.)