polevim dolidela pihu lipi lenaraca
The Greek alphabet and pronunciation
The Greek alphabet has 24 letters, many of which are the roots of letters in the Latin alphabet, which is used in many European languages.
The Greek Alphabet
The Greek alphabet consists of 24 letters, with both uppercase and lowercase forms. Some of these letters look familiar to English speakers, while others are unique to Greek.
| Uppercase | Lowercase | Pronunciation | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Α | α | a (as in father) | Άνθρωπος (ánthropos, human) |
| Β | β | v (as in van) | Βιβλίο (vivlío, book) |
| Γ | γ | y (as in yes) or soft "g" | Γάλα (gála, milk) |
| Δ | δ | th (as in this) | Δέντρο (déndro, tree) |
| Ε | ε | e (as in bed) | Ένας (énas, one) |
| Ζ | ζ | z (as in zoo) | Ζωή (zoí, life) |
| Η | η | ee (as in see) | Ήλιος (ílios, sun) |
| Θ | θ | th (as in thin) | Θάλασσα (thálassa, sea) |
| Ι | ι | ee (as in machine) | Ιδέα (idéa, idea) |
| Κ | κ | k (as in kite) | Κύμα (kýma, wave) |
| Λ | λ | l (as in light) | Λέξη (léxi, word) |
| Μ | μ | m (as in man) | Μήλο (mílo, apple) |
| Ν | ν | n (as in no) | Νύχτα (nýchta, night) |
| Ξ | ξ | x (as in fox) | Ξένος (xénos, stranger) |
| Ο | ο | o (as in pot) | Όνομα (ónoma, name) |
| Π | π | p (as in pen) | Παιδί (paidí, child) |
| Ρ | ρ | r (rolled, as in Spanish) | Ρόδι (ródi, pomegranate) |
| Σ | σ/ς | s (as in sun) | Σπίτι (spíti, house) |
| Τ | τ | t (as in top) | Τραπέζι (trapézi, table) |
| Υ | υ | ee (as in see) | Υγεία (ygeía, health) |
| Φ | φ | f (as in fun) | Φως (fos, light) |
| Χ | χ | ch (as in Bach) | Χρόνος (chrónos, time) |
| Ψ | ψ | ps (as in lips) | Ψάρι (psári, fish) |
| Ω | ω | o (as in pot) but longer | Ωκεανός (okeanós, ocean) |
Pronunciation Tips
- Vowels: Greek has seven vowels. Alpha (α) sounds like "a" in "father," eta (η) and iota (ι) sound like "ee" in "see," and omega (ω) and omicron (ο) both sound like "o" in "pot," though omega is slightly longer.
- Consonants: Some consonants are pronounced similarly to English, but others, like gamma (γ), are pronounced as a soft "g" or a "y" sound, depending on its position.
- Diphthongs: Certain vowel combinations, like αι and οι, are pronounced like "e" in "bed" and "ee" in "see," respectively.
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