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Common Greek Prepositions

Preposition	Meaning	Example
σε	in, at, to, on	Πάω σε ένα πάρτι (I’m going to a party).
από	from, since	Έρχομαι από την Αθήνα (I’m coming from Athens).
με	with, by	Πηγαίνω με το αυτοκίνητο (I go by car).
για	for, about, in order to	Αυτό είναι για σένα (This is for you).
προς	towards	Πηγαίνω προς το σπίτι (I’m going towards the house).
χωρίς	without	Έφυγε χωρίς τα κλειδιά του (He left without his keys).
μέχρι	until, up to	Μείνε μέχρι αύριο (Stay until tomorrow).
πάνω σε	on, upon	Το βιβλίο είναι πάνω στο τραπέζι (The book is on the table).

Prepositions with Cases

Greek prepositions often require specific grammatical cases to be used with the nouns or pronouns they modify. These are usually the accusative, genitive, or dative cases, and they can influence the meaning of the preposition.

• Accusative Case: This is the most common case used after prepositions in Greek, especially for direction, place, and time. Πάω στον γιατρό (I’m going to the doctor).

• Genitive Case: This case is used after prepositions to express origin, possession, and separation. Έρχομαι από την πόλη (I’m coming from the city).

• Dative Case: Though rare in Modern Greek, it still appears in some prepositional phrases and expressions, often in more archaic or formal settings. Δίνω σημασία στα λόγια του (I pay attention to his words).

Prepositions of Place

Greek prepositions can describe where something is located in relation to something else.

• σε (se) – "in," "on," or "at" is the most versatile preposition. Στο σπίτι (In the house), Στο τραπέζι (On the table).

• κάτω από (káto apó) – "under" Το βιβλίο είναι κάτω από το κρεβάτι (The book is under the bed).

• δίπλα σε (dípla se) – "next to" Η καρέκλα είναι δίπλα στο τραπέζι (The chair is next to the table).

Prepositions of Time

Prepositions can also indicate time relationships.

• πριν (prin) – "before" Πριν το δείπνο (Before dinner).

• μετά από (metá apó) – "after" Μετά από το σχολείο (After school).

• μέχρι (méchri) – "until" Μείνε μέχρι τις 5 (Stay until 5).

Prepositional Phrases

In Greek, prepositions often combine with definite articles to form phrases that specify more precisely the relationship between objects.

• στον (ston), στην (stin), στο (sto) – combinations of "σε" with definite articles "τον," "την," and "το" (the masculine, feminine, and neuter definite articles in accusative).
  • Example: Στον κήπο (In the garden), Στην πόλη (In the city).

6. Special Considerations

Some prepositions in Greek change meaning depending on the case that follows them:

• μετά (metá) can mean "after" with the accusative or "beyond" with the genitive.
  • Accusative case: Μετά το μάθημα (After the lesson).
  • Genitive case: Μετά των φίλων μου (Beyond my friends).