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Nouns: Gender, Number, and Case in Greek
In Greek, nouns are inflected for three categories: gender, number, and case.
Gender
Greek nouns have three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. The gender of a noun is inherent and often has no logical connection to the natural gender of the referent. For example, the Greek word for "man" (ἀνήρ) is masculine, while the word for "woman" (γυνή) is feminine.
Number
Greek nouns can be either singular or plural. The plural form is typically formed by adding a suffix to the stem of the singular form.
Case
Greek nouns have five cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, and vocative. Each case indicates the grammatical function of the noun in a sentence.
- Nominative Case: Used for the subject of a sentence.
- Genitive Case: Indicates possession or relationship.
- Dative Case: Indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action.
- Accusative Case: Indicates the direct object of a verb.
- Vocative Case: Used for direct address.
The endings of nouns change based on their gender, number, and case. These changes, known as inflections, are crucial for understanding the relationships between words in a sentence and conveying precise meaning.
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