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Relative Pronouns

Relative pronouns in Greek (αναφορικές αντωνυμίες) connect a relative clause to a noun or pronoun, providing additional information about the noun. They need to agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they refer to. The most commonly used relative pronouns in modern Greek are που, ο οποίος, and ό,τι.

1. που (who/which/that)

• που is the most frequently used relative pronoun in Greek. It is simple to use because it does not change based on gender, number, or case. It can refer to both people and things.

  Examples:

  • Το παιδί που παίζει είναι ο αδερφός μου. ("The child who is playing is my brother.")
  • Το βιβλίο που διάβασα ήταν πολύ ενδιαφέρον. ("The book that I read was very interesting.")

2. ο οποίος, η οποία, το οποίο (who/which)

• This is a more formal set of relative pronouns. Unlike που, ο οποίος agrees with the noun in gender, number, and case. It's used to provide more precise information, especially in written or formal Greek.

Declension of ο οποίος (who/which):

Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ο οποίος	η οποία	το οποίο
Genitive	του οποίου	της οποίας	του οποίου
Accusative	τον οποίο	την οποία	το οποίο

Examples:

• Ο άντρας ο οποίος μιλάει είναι δάσκαλος. ("The man who is speaking is a teacher.")
• Η γυναίκα την οποία γνώρισα είναι γιατρός. ("The woman whom I met is a doctor.")
• Το σπίτι το οποίο αγόρασα είναι μεγάλο. ("The house that I bought is big.")

3. ό,τι (whatever/anything that)

• ό,τι is used to refer to things in a general or indefinite way, meaning "whatever" or "anything that."

Examples:

• Πάρε ό,τι θέλεις. ("Take whatever you want.")
• Ό,τι λες είναι αλήθεια. ("Whatever you say is true.")

4. όπου (where/wherever)

• όπου is used to refer to a place, meaning "where" or "wherever."

Examples:

• Πήγαινε όπου θέλεις. ("Go wherever you want.")
• Όπου κι αν πάω, σε σκέφτομαι. ("Wherever I go, I think of you.")

Summary

• που: The most common relative pronoun, used for both people and things, with no declension.
• ο οποίος: A more formal and specific relative pronoun, declining based on gender, number, and case.
• ό,τι: Means "whatever" or "anything that."
• όπου: Refers to places, meaning "where" or "wherever."