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Verbs haber and tener (Spanish grammar)

Haber is an impersonal verb used to express existence, obligation, or the passage of time. It is irregular and only conjugated in the third-person singular and plural forms. Common uses include:

• Expressing existence: "Hay un libro sobre la mesa." (There is a book on the table.)
• Forming the present perfect tense: "He comido una manzana." (I have eaten an apple.)
• Expressing obligation: "Hay que estudiar." (One has to study.)

Tener is a regular verb meaning "to have" or "to possess." It is conjugated like other regular verbs ending in -er. Some common uses are:

• Expressing possession: "Tengo un coche nuevo." (I have a new car.)
• Expressing age: "Ella tiene 25 años." (She is 25 years old.)
• Expressing obligation or necessity: "Tengo que ir al trabajo." (I have to go to work.)
• Expressing physical or mental states: "Tengo hambre." (I am hungry.)

While both verbs can express obligation or necessity, "haber que" is more impersonal, while "tener que" implies a more personal obligation.