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In Spanish grammar, adjectives have three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative. These degrees allow us to express different levels of intensity or quality of the adjective.
Positive Degree The positive degree is the base form of the adjective, without any comparison. For example: "alto" (tall), "bonito" (pretty), "inteligente" (intelligent).
Comparative Degree The comparative degree is used to compare two things or people based on the quality expressed by the adjective. There are two types of comparatives:
Comparative of Superiority: Expresses that something or someone has more of a certain quality than another. It is formed by adding "más" before the adjective, or "menos" for the opposite meaning. For example: "Juan es más alto que Pedro" (Juan is taller than Pedro), "María es menos inteligente que Ana" (María is less intelligent than Ana).
Comparative of Equality: Expresses that two things or people have the same level of a certain quality. It is formed by using "tan" before the adjective, followed by "como". For example: "Pedro es tan alto como Juan" (Pedro is as tall as Juan), "Ana es tan inteligente como María" (Ana is as intelligent as María).
Superlative Degree The superlative degree is used to express the highest or lowest degree of a quality. There are two types of superlatives:
Superlative Relative: Compares the quality of something or someone within a group. It is formed by adding the definite article "el/la/los/las" before "más" or "menos", and the adjective. For example: "Juan es el más alto de la clase" (Juan is the tallest in the class), "María es la menos inteligente del grupo" (María is the least intelligent in the group).
Superlative Absolute: Expresses the highest or lowest degree of a quality without comparing it to others. It is formed by adding the suffix "-ísimo/-ísima" to the adjective. For example: "Juan es altísimo" (Juan is very tall), "María es inteligentísima" (María is extremely intelligent).
It's important to note that some adjectives have irregular forms in the comparative and superlative degrees, such as "bueno" (good), "malo" (bad), and "grande" (big).
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