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Adjectives in Spanish have four forms to agree with the noun they modify:

1. Masculine Singular: Used with singular masculine nouns (e.g., libro grande - big book).

2. Feminine Singular: Used with singular feminine nouns (e.g., casa bonita - pretty house).

3. Masculine Plural: Used with plural masculine nouns (e.g., libros grandes - big books).

4. Feminine Plural: Used with plural feminine nouns (e.g., casas bonitas - pretty houses).

Forming the Feminine and Plural Forms:

• To form the feminine, add -a to the masculine singular (e.g., grand-e → grand-a).
• To form the plural, add -s to the singular (e.g., grand-e → grand-es).

Exceptions:

• Adjectives ending in -e or a consonant remain unchanged in the feminine (e.g., gran, azul).
• Adjectives ending in -ón change to -ona in the feminine (e.g., holgazón → holgazona).
• Some adjectives have irregular forms in the feminine and/or plural (e.g., español → españoles/españolas).

Agreement Rules:

• Adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify.
• If modifying multiple nouns, the adjective agrees with the masculine plural form.
• Adjectives used as nouns follow the same agreement rules (e.g., los ricos - the rich).