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Cardinal Numbers (Números Cardinales)

Cardinal numbers are used to indicate quantity. Here’s a list of the most common cardinal numbers:

1. Uno (1)
2. Dos (2)
3. Tres (3)
4. Cuatro (4)
5. Cinco (5)
6. Seis (6)
7. Siete (7)
8. Ocho (8)
9. Nueve (9)
10. Diez (10)

From 11 to 15, the numbers are irregular:

• Once (11), Doce (12), Trece (13), Catorce (14), Quince (15)

From 16 to 19, numbers are formed by combining the base ten (diez) and single digits:

• Dieciséis (16), Diecisiete (17), Dieciocho (18), Diecinueve (19)

The tens (20, 30, 40, etc.) are also irregular:

• Veinte (20), Treinta (30), Cuarenta (40), Cincuenta (50), Sesenta (60), Setenta (70), Ochenta (80), Noventa (90), Cien (100)

After 30, Spanish numbers follow a more regular pattern where the tens and single digits are joined by "y":

• Treinta y uno (31), Cuarenta y dos (42), Noventa y ocho (98)

For numbers beyond 100, Spanish speakers use:

• Ciento uno (101)
• Doscientos (200)
• Mil (1,000)
• Un millón (1,000,000)

Ordinal Numbers (Números Ordinales)

Ordinal numbers are used to indicate the position or order of something. Here are the most common ordinal numbers:

1. Primero (1st)
2. Segundo (2nd)
3. Tercero (3rd)
4. Cuarto (4th)
5. Quinto (5th)

For higher numbers, ordinal numbers are formed with the base root and a suffix:

• Séptimo (7th), Décimo (10th), Vigésimo (20th), Centésimo (100th)

Note: "Primero" and "tercero" drop the "o" when they precede a singular masculine noun (e.g., "primer lugar" for "first place" and "tercer día" for "third day").

Special Rules

• The number uno changes based on gender. It becomes un before masculine nouns (e.g., "un libro") and una before feminine nouns (e.g., "una casa").
• The word mil never takes a plural form, even when referring to thousands (e.g., "dos mil personas" means "two thousand people").