libu fixes subak bogugu

The perfect tense in the Estonian language, known as "täisminevik," is used to describe actions that have been completed at some point in the past but are relevant to the present. It is formed using the present tense of the auxiliary verb "olema" (to be) and the past participle of the main verb.

Formation of the Perfect Tense

1. Auxiliary Verb "Olema" in Present Tense:

   • Mina olen (I am)
   • Sina oled (You are)
   • Tema on (He/She/It is)
   • Meie oleme (We are)
   • Teie olete (You are)
   • Nemad on (They are)

2. Past Participle of the Main Verb: The past participle is typically formed by adding the suffix "-nud" to the verb stem. For example:

   • "Lugema" (to read) becomes "lugenu-d"
   • "Kirjutama" (to write) becomes "kirjutanu-d"

Examples

• Mina olen lugenud - I have read
• Sina oled kirjutanud - You have written
• Tema on söönud - He/She/It has eaten
• Meie oleme mänginud - We have played
• Teie olete õppinud - You have studied
• Nemad on tulnud - They have come

Usage

The perfect tense is used in various contexts:

• To indicate an action that occurred at an unspecified time in the past:

  • "Ma olen seda filmi näinud." (I have seen that movie.)

• To describe an action that has relevance to the present:

  • "Ta on juba koju tulnud." (He/She has already come home.)

• To express experiences:

  • "Me oleme palju reisinud." (We have traveled a lot.)

Negative Form

To form the negative perfect tense, the negative particle "ei" is used with the auxiliary verb "olema," and the main verb remains in the past participle form:

• Mina ei ole lugenud - I have not read
• Sina ei ole kirjutanud - You have not written
• Tema ei ole söönud - He/She/It has not eaten
• Meie ei ole mänginud - We have not played
• Teie ei ole õppinud - You have not studied
• Nemad ei ole tulnud - They have not come

Questions

To form questions in the perfect tense, the auxiliary verb "olema" is placed at the beginning of the sentence:

• Kas mina olen lugenud? - Have I read?
• Kas sina oled kirjutanud? - Have you written?
• Kas tema on söönud? - Has he/she/it eaten?
• Kas meie oleme mänginud? - Have we played?
• Kas teie olete õppinud? - Have you studied?
• Kas nemad on tulnud? - Have they come?