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The da-infinitive in Estonian

Estonian has two main infinitive forms: the ma-infinitive and the da-infinitive. The ma-infinitive (ending in "-ma") is typically the base form of the verb found in dictionaries. The da-infinitive (ending in "-da" or "-ta") is a non-finite form used in specific grammatical contexts, such as indicating desires and feelings.

Uses of the DA-Infinitive

The DA-infinitive is often used to express intention or possibility, together with verbs like mõistma (to understand), võima (to be able to), soovima (to wish), tahtma (to want), saama (to be able to), paluma (to ask). It is also used when describing feelings (e.g., armastama (to love), meeldima (to like/appeal)), or in impersonal expressions.

Intentions:

• Ma võin minna poodi.
  (I can go to the store.)

• Ta soovib reisida Euroopasse.
  (He wishes to travel to Europe.)

• Ma tahan süüa.
  (I want to eat.)

• Ma ei jõua töötada.
  (I cannot manage to work.)

Feelings:

• Laps kardab ujuda.
  (The child is afraid to swim.)

• Kas sulle meeldib laulda?
  (Do you like to sing?)

Impersonal Expressions:

• On aeg minna.
  (It is time to go.)

• On vaja kiiresti tegutseda.
  (It is necessary to act quickly.)

Formation of the DA-Infinitive

The da-infinitive is formed by taking the verb stem and adding -da or -ta. However, there are exceptions to this rule.