hiva xafuc leyi zegiv xicit tibub

The ilmaütlev case, also known as the abessive case, is one of the grammatical cases in the Estonian language. It is used to indicate the absence of something or someone. The suffix "-ta" is typically added to the noun to form the abessive case.

Formation

To form the abessive case, the suffix "-ta" is added to the genitive form of the noun. For example:

• "raamat" (book) in the genitive form is "raamatu". The abessive form is "raamatuta" (without a book).
• "sõber" (friend) in the genitive form is "sõbra". The abessive form is "sõbrata" (without a friend).

Usage

The abessive case is used in various contexts to express the absence of an object, person, or quality. Here are some common usages:

1. Absence of an Object or Person:

   • "Ma ei saa elada raamatuta." (I cannot live without a book.)
   • "Ta lahkus sõbrata." (He left without a friend.)

2. Absence of a Quality:

   • "Ta on rahata." (He is without money.)
   • "See on maitseta toit." (This is tasteless food.)

3. Idiomatic Expressions:

   • "Ilma sinuta on kõik tühi." (Without you, everything is empty.)
   • "Ta tegi seda naljata." (He did it without a joke.)

Comparison with Other Cases

The abessive case is often compared with the comitative case, which indicates the presence of something or someone and uses the suffix "-ga". For example:

• "raamatuga" (with a book) vs. "raamatuta" (without a book)
• "sõbraga" (with a friend) vs. "sõbrata" (without a friend)