tinoz fixij facifaz
The subjunctive mood in the Estonian language, known as "kõneviis" or "tingiv kõneviis," is used to express wishes, hypotheticals, demands, or actions that are contingent upon certain conditions. Unlike the indicative mood, which states facts, the subjunctive mood deals with non-real situations.
Formation of the Subjunctive Mood
In Estonian, the subjunctive mood is typically formed by adding specific endings to the verb stem. The endings vary depending on the verb conjugation class and the tense. Here are the general rules for forming the subjunctive:
Present Subjunctive:
- For regular verbs, the present subjunctive is formed by adding the suffix "-gu" or "-ku" to the verb stem.
- Example: "minema" (to go) becomes "mingu" (let him/her go).
Past Subjunctive:
- The past subjunctive is formed by adding the suffix "-nuks" or "-nuksin" to the past participle of the verb.
- Example: "minema" (to go) becomes "läinud" (gone) and then "läinuks" (would have gone).
Usage of the Subjunctive Mood
The subjunctive mood in Estonian is used in various contexts:
Wishes and Desires:
- Example: "Soovin, et ta tuleks" (I wish that he/she would come).
Hypothetical Situations:
- Example: "Kui ma oleksin rikas, ostaksin maja" (If I were rich, I would buy a house).
Conditions and Concessions:
- Example: "Kui ta tuleks, oleks tore" (If he/she came, it would be nice).
Indirect Commands and Requests:
- Example: "Palun, et sa teeksid seda" (I ask that you do this).
Subjunctive in Dependent Clauses
The subjunctive mood is often found in dependent clauses introduced by conjunctions such as "et" (that), "kui" (if), and "kuigi" (although). These clauses express the non-real or contingent nature of the action.
- Example: "Ma kardan, et ta ei tuleks" (I fear that he/she might not come).
Differences from Indicative Mood
The primary difference between the subjunctive and indicative moods lies in their function. While the indicative mood is used for stating facts and actual events, the subjunctive mood is used for expressing doubt, possibility, necessity, or hypothetical situations.
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