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The Verb "Tunduma" in Estonian Language

In the Estonian language, the verb "tunduma" plays a significant role in expressing sensations, feelings, and perceptions. It is a versatile verb that can be translated to English as "to seem," "to feel," or "to appear." Understanding its usage is essential for anyone looking to gain proficiency in Estonian.

Conjugation

"Tunduma" is a regular verb and follows typical conjugation patterns in Estonian. Here is its conjugation in the present tense:

• Mina tundun (I seem/feel)
• Sina tundud (You seem/feel)
• Tema tundub (He/She/It seems/feels)
• Meie tundume (We seem/feel)
• Teie tundute (You all seem/feel)
• Nemad tunduvad (They seem/feel)

In the past tense, "tunduma" is conjugated as follows:

• Mina tundusin (I seemed/felt)
• Sina tundusid (You seemed/felt)
• Tema tundus (He/She/It seemed/felt)
• Meie tundusime (We seemed/felt)
• Teie tundusite (You all seemed/felt)
• Nemad tundusid (They seemed/felt)

Usage

The verb "tunduma" is often used to describe subjective experiences or perceptions. Here are some common contexts in which "tunduma" is used:

1. Physical Sensations:

   • "Mul tundub, et ma olen haige." (I feel like I am sick.)
   • "Kas sul tundub külm?" (Do you feel cold?)

2. Emotional States:

   • "Ta tundub õnnelik." (He/She seems happy.)
   • "Mulle tundub, et sa oled kurb." (It seems to me that you are sad.)

3. Opinions and Impressions:

   • "See film tundub huvitav." (This movie seems interesting.)
   • "Mulle tundub, et see on hea mõte." (It seems to me that this is a good idea.)

4. Hypothetical Situations:

   • "Kui tundub, et vihma hakkab sadama, võtame vihmavarju." (If it seems like it will rain, let's take an umbrella.)

Nuances and Synonyms

While "tunduma" is a common verb, it is important to distinguish it from similar verbs like "tundma" (to feel, to know) and "näima" (to appear, to seem). "Tundma" is more about direct physical or emotional sensations, whereas "näima" is often used in more formal contexts to describe appearances or impressions.

For example:

• "Ma tunnen valu." (I feel pain.)
• "Ta näib olevat väsinud." (He/She appears to be tired.)