fesut nahur hokiyodi

The kaasaütlev case, also known as the comitative case, is one of the fourteen grammatical cases in the Estonian language. It is used to indicate companionship or association, often translated to English as "with" or "together with." The comitative case is formed by adding the suffix "-ga" to the genitive form of the noun.

Formation

To form the comitative case, follow these steps:

1. Take the genitive form of the noun.
2. Add the suffix "-ga."

For example:

• "sõber" (friend) in the genitive form is "sõbra."
• Adding the suffix "-ga" results in "sõbraga" (with a friend).

Usage

The comitative case is used in various contexts to express companionship or association:

• With people or animals: "Ma lähen sõbraga kinno." (I am going to the cinema with a friend.)
• With objects: "Ta tuli vihmaga." (He came with the rain.)
• With abstract concepts: "Ta töötab rõõmuga." (He works with joy.)

Examples

Here are a few more examples to illustrate the use of the comitative case:

• "Koeraga jalutama" (to walk with the dog)
• "Raamatuga õppima" (to study with a book)
• "Muusikaga tantsima" (to dance with music)

Special Considerations

While the comitative case is straightforward in its formation, it is important to remember that the genitive form of the noun must be correctly identified before adding the "-ga" suffix. Additionally, the comitative case can sometimes overlap with other cases or prepositional phrases in English, so context is key to understanding its proper use.