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Agreement

Italian adjectives must agree with the nouns they modify in both gender and number:

• Masculine singular: il libro rosso (the red book)
• Feminine singular: la casa rossa (the red house)
• Masculine plural: i libri rossi (the red books)
• Feminine plural: le case rosse (the red houses)

Most adjectives follow a regular pattern:

• Masculine: -o (singular), -i (plural)
• Feminine: -a (singular), -e (plural)

Some adjectives ending in -e are invariable for gender but change for number:

• il/la giovane intelligente (the intelligent young man/woman)
• i/le giovani intelligenti (the intelligent young men/women)

Placement

Italian adjectives can be placed before or after the noun, but the position can affect the meaning:

1. Descriptive adjectives usually follow the noun:

   • una casa grande (a big house)

2. Adjectives placed before the noun often convey a more subjective or emphatic meaning:

   • una grande casa (a great house)

3. Some common adjectives are typically placed before the noun:

   • bello (beautiful), buono (good), grande (big), piccolo (small)

4. Adjectives of nationality, religion, or category always follow the noun:

   • un libro italiano (an Italian book)
   • una chiesa cattolica (a Catholic church)

5. When multiple adjectives modify a noun, they generally follow the noun in order of importance:

   • una macchina rossa sportiva (a red sports car)