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Direct Object Pronouns

Direct object pronouns replace nouns that receive the action of the verb directly. In Italian, they are:

• mi (me)
• ti (you, singular informal)
• lo (him, it masculine)
• la (her, it feminine)
• ci (us)
• vi (you, plural)
• li (them, masculine)
• le (them, feminine)

These pronouns usually precede the verb:

• Lo vedo (I see him/it)
• La mangio (I eat it)

With compound tenses, they come before the auxiliary verb:

• L'ho visto (I have seen him/it)

Indirect Object Pronouns

Indirect object pronouns replace nouns that receive the action of the verb indirectly. They are:

• mi (to/for me)
• ti (to/for you, singular informal)
• gli (to/for him)
• le (to/for her)
• ci (to/for us)
• vi (to/for you, plural)
• loro (to/for them)

These pronouns also typically precede the verb:

• Gli parlo (I speak to him)
• Le scrivo (I write to her)

Combined Pronouns

When both direct and indirect object pronouns are used together, they combine into a single word:

• me lo → me lo
• te lo → te lo
• glielo (to him/her/them + it/him)
• ce lo → ce lo
• ve lo → ve lo

Example:

• Glielo do (I give it to him/her)