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Nouns in Italian

Italian nouns are categorized by gender, either masculine or feminine. This classification affects articles, adjectives, and pronouns that accompany the noun.

Masculine Nouns

• Generally end in -o (e.g., libro - book)
• Some end in -e (e.g., padre - father)
• Typically include:
  • Male persons and animals
  • Days, months, seasons
  • Trees, mountains, lakes

Feminine Nouns

• Generally end in -a (e.g., casa - house)
• Some end in -e (e.g., madre - mother)
• Typically include:
  • Female persons and animals
  • Most fruits and flowers
  • Most abstract concepts

Exceptions and Special Cases

• Nouns ending in -e can be either masculine or feminine
• Some nouns change meaning based on gender (e.g., il porto - harbor, la porta - door)
• Irregular nouns don't follow standard patterns (e.g., la mano - hand)

Plural Forms

• Masculine: -o becomes -i (libro → libri)
• Feminine: -a becomes -e (casa → case)
• Both genders: -e becomes -i (padre → padri, madre → madri)

Gender Agreement

Adjectives, articles, and pronouns must agree with the noun's gender:

• Il libro rosso (The red book)
• La casa rossa (The red house)