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Cardinal Numbers
Italian cardinal numbers are used to express quantities:
- 0-10: zero, uno, due, tre, quattro, cinque, sei, sette, otto, nove, dieci
- 11-20: undici, dodici, tredici, quattordici, quindici, sedici, diciassette, diciotto, diciannove, venti
- Tens: trenta (30), quaranta (40), cinquanta (50), sessanta (60), settanta (70), ottanta (80), novanta (90)
- 100: cento
- 1000: mille
For numbers 21-99, simply combine the tens with the units: ventuno (21), trentadue (32), quarantacinque (45).
Ordinal Numbers
Ordinal numbers indicate position or order:
- 1st-10th: primo, secondo, terzo, quarto, quinto, sesto, settimo, ottavo, nono, decimo
- 11th-20th: undicesimo, dodicesimo, tredicesimo, quattordicesimo, quindicesimo, sedicesimo, diciassettesimo, diciottesimo, diciannovesimo, ventesimo
For higher ordinals, add -esimo to the cardinal number: trentesimo (30th), centesimo (100th).
Usage Tips
- Cardinal numbers are generally invariable, except for "uno" (un before masculine nouns) and "mille" (mila for thousands).
- Ordinal numbers agree in gender and number with the noun they modify.
- Use "primo" for dates instead of "uno": il primo maggio (May 1st).
- For years, use cardinal numbers: nel 1990 (in 1990).
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