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The imperfect tense (imperfetto) in Italian is used to describe ongoing or repeated actions in the past. It's often employed for:

• Describing habitual actions
• Setting the scene or background in a story
• Expressing emotions, thoughts, or physical states in the past

To form the imperfect, remove the -are, -ere, or -ire from the infinitive and add the following endings:

• -avo, -avi, -ava, -avamo, -avate, -avano (for -are verbs)
• -evo, -evi, -eva, -evamo, -evate, -evano (for -ere verbs)
• -ivo, -ivi, -iva, -ivamo, -ivate, -ivano (for -ire verbs)

Common Irregular Verbs

Some frequently used irregular verbs in the imperfect tense include:

• essere (to be): ero, eri, era, eravamo, eravate, erano
• fare (to do/make): facevo, facevi, faceva, facevamo, facevate, facevano
• bere (to drink): bevevo, bevevi, beveva, bevevamo, bevevate, bevevano

Imperfect vs. Passato Prossimo

The imperfect is often contrasted with the passato prossimo (present perfect). While the imperfect describes ongoing actions, the passato prossimo is used for completed actions in the past. For example:

• Imperfect: "Studiavo italiano ogni giorno." (I used to study Italian every day.)
• Passato prossimo: "Ho studiato italiano ieri." (I studied Italian yesterday.)