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Reflexive verbs
Reflexive verbs in Polish are formed by adding the reflexive pronoun "się" to the verb. This pronoun typically follows the verb but can be separated in certain constructions. For example:
- myć (to wash) → myć się (to wash oneself)
- uczyć (to teach) → uczyć się (to learn)
Types of Reflexive Verbs
True reflexives: The action is performed on oneself
- czesać się (to comb one's hair)
- golić się (to shave oneself)
Reciprocal reflexives: The action is mutual between two or more subjects
- kochać się (to love each other)
- spotykać się (to meet each other)
Impersonal reflexives: Used to express general statements or actions
- Jak się mówi po polsku? (How does one say in Polish?)
Reflexives with changed meaning: The reflexive form alters the verb's meaning
- bać (to frighten) → bać się (to be afraid)
Conjugation
Reflexive verbs conjugate like their non-reflexive counterparts, with "się" remaining unchanged:
- Myję się (I wash myself)
- Myjesz się (You wash yourself)
- On/Ona myje się (He/She washes himself/herself)
Placement of "się"
In compound tenses or with modal verbs, "się" can be placed either after the auxiliary verb or at the end of the phrase:
- Będę się uczył / Będę uczył się (I will learn)
- Muszę się umyć / Muszę umyć się (I must wash myself)
Understanding reflexive verbs is crucial for mastering Polish, as they are frequently used in everyday communication and can significantly alter the meaning of expressions.
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