somasa sevubuj wesoh tipafi pawil bajo

Narzędnik

The instrumental case in Polish, known as "narzędnik," primarily indicates the means or instrument by which an action is performed. It answers the question "with what?" or "by means of what?"

Common Contexts

• Expressing accompaniment: "z bratem" (with brother)
• Indicating tools or instruments: "piszę długopisem" (I write with a pen)
• Describing means of transportation: "jadę pociągiem" (I travel by train)
• Specifying professions or roles: "jest lekarzem" (he is a doctor)

Formation

For most nouns, the instrumental case is formed by adding the following endings:

• Masculine and neuter singular: -em
• Feminine singular: -ą
• Plural (all genders): -ami

Special Cases

• Some masculine nouns ending in a soft consonant take -em instead of -em
• Nouns ending in -um remain unchanged in the singular form

Prepositions

Common prepositions that trigger the instrumental case include:

• z (with)
• nad (above, over)
• pod (under, below)
• przed (before, in front of)
• za (behind)

Importance in Sentences

The instrumental case is crucial for constructing grammatically correct sentences in Polish, particularly when describing methods, tools, or companionship.