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Demonstrative Pronouns in Polish Language

Basic Forms

Polish demonstrative pronouns come in three main forms:

1. Ten (this/these) - for objects close to the speaker
2. Tamten (that/those) - for objects far from the speaker
3. Ów (that) - literary or formal usage

Gender and Number Agreement

Polish demonstrative pronouns agree with the noun they modify in gender and number:

• Masculine: ten, tamten
• Feminine: ta, tamta
• Neuter: to, tamto
• Plural (all genders): te, tamte

Case Declension

Demonstrative pronouns decline according to the seven Polish cases:

• Nominative: ten, ta, to
• Genitive: tego, tej, tego
• Dative: temu, tej, temu
• Accusative: tego/ten, tę, to
• Instrumental: tym, tą, tym
• Locative: tym, tej, tym
• Vocative: ten, ta, to

Usage Examples

• "Ten pies" (This dog)
• "Tamta książka" (That book)
• "Te dzieci" (These children)

Special Forms

1. Taki (such) - used to describe qualities or characteristics
2. Tyle (so much/many) - used for quantities

Emphatic Forms

Adding the suffix "-że" creates emphatic forms:

• Tenże (this very)
• Taże (that very)