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Imperative Mood in Polish

The imperative mood in Polish is used to express commands, requests, or instructions. It is formed differently depending on the person and number:

Second Person Singular

• For most verbs, remove the -ć ending from the infinitive and add:
  • -j for verbs ending in -ować (e.g., pracować → pracuj)
  • Nothing for other verbs (e.g., czytać → czytaj)

Second Person Plural

• Add -cie to the second person singular form (e.g., czytaj → czytajcie)

First Person Plural

• Use the word "niech" followed by the third person singular or plural form of the verb (e.g., niech czyta, niech czytają)

Irregular Forms

Some common verbs have irregular imperative forms:

• być (to be) → bądź (singular), bądźcie (plural)
• iść (to go) → idź (singular), idźcie (plural)
• jeść (to eat) → jedz (singular), jedzcie (plural)

Negation

To form negative commands, simply add "nie" before the imperative form:

• Nie czytaj! (Don't read!)
• Nie idźcie tam! (Don't go there!)

Politeness

For more polite requests, Poles often use the word "proszę" (please) before the imperative or use a different construction altogether:

• Proszę usiąść. (Please sit down.)
• Czy mógłbyś zamknąć okno? (Could you close the window?)