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Understanding the Synthetic Future Tense in Portuguese

Unlike the more conversational "ir + infinitivo" (to go + infinitive) construction, the synthetic future tense is created by modifying the verb itself, making it a staple in written and formal spoken Portuguese.

Formation of the Synthetic Future Tense

The synthetic future tense in Portuguese is formed by adding specific endings to the infinitive form of regular verbs. These endings are the same for all regular verbs, whether they end in -ar, -er, or -ir. Here are the endings for each subject pronoun:

• Eu: -ei
• Tu: -ás
• Você/Ele/Ela: -á
• Nós: -emos
• Vocês/Eles/Elas: -ão

To form the synthetic future tense, you attach these endings to the infinitive form of the verb. Let's look at examples with the regular verbs "falar" (to speak) and "partir" (to leave):

Falar (to speak):

• Eu falarei (I will speak)
• Tu falarás (You will speak - informal singular)
• Você/Ele/Ela falará (You/He/She will speak)
• Nós falaremos (We will speak)
• Vocês/Eles/Elas falarão (You/They will speak)

Partir (to leave):

• Eu partirei (I will leave)
• Tu partirás (You will leave - informal singular)
• Você/Ele/Ela partirá (You/He/She will leave)
• Nós partiremos (We will leave)
• Vocês/Eles/Elas partirão (You/They will leave)

Usage and Context

The synthetic future tense is often used in more formal contexts, such as literature, official documents, and formal speeches. It conveys a sense of certainty and determination about future actions. Here are a few examples in context:

1. Eu entregarei o relatório amanhã.
   (I will submit the report tomorrow.)

2. Ela viajará para o Brasil no próximo mês.
   (She will travel to Brazil next month.)

3. Nós participaremos da conferência na próxima semana.
   (We will participate in the conference next week.)

4. Eles construirão uma nova escola na cidade.
   (They will build a new school in the city.)

Comparison with "Ir + Infinitivo"

While both the synthetic future tense and the "ir + infinitivo" construction are correct and widely understood, they serve different purposes and are used in different contexts. The synthetic future tense is more formal and is typically found in written language or formal speech. On the other hand, "ir + infinitivo" is more common in everyday conversation due to its simplicity and immediacy.