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Modal verbs are used to express necessity, possibility, permission, and ability. The primary modal verbs in Serbian include "moći" (can), "morati" (must), "smeti" (may), "želeti" (want), and "trebati" (need). These verbs are often followed by an infinitive verb to complete their meaning.

Moći (Can)

"Moći" is used to express ability or possibility. It is conjugated as follows:

• Ja mogu (I can)
• Ti možeš (You can)
• On/ona/ono može (He/she/it can)
• Mi možemo (We can)
• Vi možete (You can, formal/plural)
• Oni/one/ona mogu (They can)

Example:

• Ja mogu da plivam. (I can swim.)

Morati (Must)

"Morati" indicates necessity or obligation. Its conjugation is:

• Ja moram (I must)
• Ti moraš (You must)
• On/ona/ono mora (He/she/it must)
• Mi moramo (We must)
• Vi morate (You must, formal/plural)
• Oni/one/ona moraju (They must)

Example:

• Ti moraš da učiš. (You must study.)

Smeti (May)

"Smeti" is used to express permission. It is conjugated as:

• Ja smem (I may)
• Ti smeš (You may)
• On/ona/ono sme (He/she/it may)
• Mi smemo (We may)
• Vi smete (You may, formal/plural)
• Oni/one/ona smeju (They may)

Example:

• On sme da ide napolje. (He may go outside.)

Želeti (Want)

"Želeti" expresses a desire or wish. Its conjugation is:

• Ja želim (I want)
• Ti želiš (You want)
• On/ona/ono želi (He/she/it wants)
• Mi želimo (We want)
• Vi želite (You want, formal/plural)
• Oni/one/ona žele (They want)

Example:

• Mi želimo da putujemo. (We want to travel.)

Trebati (Need)

"Trebati" is used to express necessity or need. It is conjugated as:

• Ja trebam (I need)
• Ti trebaš (You need)
• On/ona/ono treba (He/she/it needs)
• Mi trebamo (We need)
• Vi trebate (You need, formal/plural)
• Oni/one/ona trebaju (They need)

Example:

• Ona treba da ide kod lekara. (She needs to go to the doctor.)

In Serbian, modal verbs are typically followed by the conjunction "da" and the infinitive form of the main verb. This structure is essential for forming correct and meaningful sentences.