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Adverbs in the Serbian language are words that modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, or entire sentences, providing additional information about the manner, place, time, frequency, degree, or cause of an action or state.

Formation of Adverbs

1. From Adjectives: Many adverbs in Serbian are formed by adding the suffix -o to the base form of an adjective. For example:

   • brz (fast) becomes brzo (quickly)
   • lep (beautiful) becomes lepo (beautifully)
   • tih (quiet) becomes tiho (quietly)

2. From Nouns: Some adverbs are derived from nouns, often by adding the suffix -om or -ski. For example:

   • noć (night) becomes noću (at night)
   • dan (day) becomes danju (during the day)
   • srpski (Serbian) remains srpski (in Serbian)

3. From Other Adverbs: Occasionally, adverbs can be formed from other adverbs by compounding or modifying the base adverb. For example:

   • danas (today) can lead to danas popodne (this afternoon)

Usage of Adverbs

1. Manner: Adverbs of manner describe how an action is performed. They typically answer the question "how?" (kako?).

   • On govori tiho. (He speaks quietly.)
   • Ona peva lepo. (She sings beautifully.)

2. Place: Adverbs of place indicate where an action occurs, answering the question "where?" (gde?).

   • Ovde (here)
   • Tamo (there)
   • Gore (up)

3. Time: Adverbs of time specify when an action takes place, answering the question "when?" (kada?).

   • Sutra (tomorrow)
   • Juče (yesterday)
   • Sada (now)

4. Frequency: These adverbs tell how often an action occurs, answering the question "how often?" (koliko često?).

   • Često (often)
   • Retko (rarely)
   • Ponekad (sometimes)

5. Degree: Adverbs of degree modify adjectives or other adverbs to indicate the intensity or degree of an action or quality, answering the question "to what extent?" (koliko?).

   • Veoma (very)
   • Previše (too much)
   • Dovoljno (enough)

6. Cause: These adverbs explain why something happens, answering the question "why?" (zašto?).

   • Zato (therefore)
   • Zbog toga (because of that)

Examples in Sentences

• On trči brzo. (He runs quickly.)
• Ona je stigla juče. (She arrived yesterday.)
• Mi ćemo otići tamo. (We will go there.)
• On često dolazi ovde. (He often comes here.)
• Ona je veoma srećna. (She is very happy.)