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Turkish Passive Voice

The passive voice in Turkish is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb stem. This construction is used when the focus is on the action rather than the doer.

Formation

• For verbs ending in a vowel: add -n, -ın, -in, -un, or -ün
• For verbs ending in a consonant: add -ıl, -il, -ul, or -ül

The choice of suffix depends on vowel harmony rules.

Examples

• Active: Öğretmen kitabı okudu. (The teacher read the book.)
• Passive: Kitap okundu. (The book was read.)

Usage

1. Unknown or unimportant agent: When the doer of the action is unknown or not important to mention.

2. Formal writing: Commonly used in academic and official documents.

3. Emphasis on the action: To focus on the action rather than the subject.

Special Cases

• Some verbs have irregular passive forms, such as:
  • yemek (to eat) → yenilmek (to be eaten)
  • demek (to say) → denilmek (to be said)

Passive with "tarafından"

To specify the agent in a passive sentence, use "tarafından" (by):

• Ev mimar tarafından tasarlandı. (The house was designed by the architect.)