firuvapu mihijoz ximaxe

The Causative Form in Turkish

The causative form in Turkish is used to express that someone or something causes an action to be performed by someone else. It's formed by adding specific suffixes to verb stems.

Formation

• For verbs ending in a vowel: Add -t

  • Example: başla- (to start) → başlat- (to make start)

• For verbs ending in a consonant: Add -dir, -tir, -dır, or -tır

  • Example: yap- (to do) → yaptır- (to have someone do)

Usage

1. Direct causation: When the subject directly causes the action

   • Öğretmen öğrencilere ödev yaptırdı. (The teacher made the students do homework.)

2. Indirect causation: When the subject indirectly causes the action

   • Saçımı kestirdim. (I had my hair cut.)

3. Permission: To express allowing someone to do something

   • Çocuğu parka gitmesine izin verdim. (I let the child go to the park.)

Double Causatives

Turkish allows for double causatives, where two causative suffixes are added to a verb:

• yap- (to do) → yap-tır- (to have someone do) → yap-tır-t- (to have someone make someone do)

Irregular Forms

Some verbs have irregular causative forms:

• gelmek (to come) → getirmek (to bring)
• gitmek (to go) → götürmek (to take)